17 results
Multiple herbicide–resistant Lolium spp. is prevalent in wheat production in Texas Blacklands
- Vijay Singh, Aniruddha Maity, Seth Abugho, James Swart, David Drake, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 34 / Issue 5 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 February 2020, pp. 652-660
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Field surveys were conducted across the Blacklands region of Texas during 2016 and 2017 to document the distribution of herbicide-resistant Lolium spp. infesting winter wheat production fields in the region. A total of 68 populations (64 Italian ryegrass, four perennial ryegrass) were evaluated in a greenhouse for sensitivity to herbicides of three different modes of action: an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor (mesosulfuron-methyl), two acetyl-coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors (diclofop-methyl and pinoxaden), and a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitor (glyphosate). Herbicides were applied at twice the label-recommended rates for mesosulfuron-methyl (29 g ai ha−1), diclofop-methyl (750 g ai ha−1), and pinoxaden (118 g ai ha−1); and at the recommended rate for glyphosate (868 g ae ha−1). The herbicide screenings were followed by dose-response assays of the most-resistant ryegrass population for each herbicide at eight rates (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64×), compared with a susceptible population at six rates (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2×). The initial screening and dose-response experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications and two experimental runs. Survivors (<80% injury) were characterized as highly resistant (0% to 20% injury) or moderately resistant (21% to 79%). Results showed that 97%, 92%, 39%, and 3% of the Italian ryegrass populations had survivors to diclofop-methyl, mesosulfuron-methyl, pinoxaden, and glyphosate treatments, respectively. Of the four perennial ryegrass populations, three were resistant to diclofop-methyl and mesosulfuron-methyl, and one was resistant to pinoxaden as well. Perennial ryegrass populations did not exhibit any resistance to glyphosate. Dose-response assays revealed 37-, 196-, and 23-fold resistance in Italian ryegrass to mesosulfuron-methyl, diclofop-methyl, and pinoxaden, respectively, compared with a susceptible standard. One Italian ryegrass population exhibited three-way multiple resistance to ACCase-, ALS-, and EPSPS-inhibitors. The proliferation of multiple herbicide–resistant ryegrass is a challenge to sustainable wheat production in Texas Blacklands and warrants diversified management strategies.
The Reliability of the “Absent Cistern Sign” in Assessing LP Shunt Function
- Abhaya V. Kulkarni, Mary Cheang, Paul D. Chumas, James M. Drake, Derek C. Armstrong
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 26 / Issue 1 / February 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 August 2019, pp. 40-43
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Objective:
One of the difficulties with lumboperitoneal (LP) shunts has been non-invasively ascertaining shunt function. It has been previously reported that in the presence of a functioning LP shunt the perimesencephalic cisterns become obliterated – the “absent cistern sign”. In order to more rigorously test this association we performed a retrospective analysis of LP shunt patients at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.
Methods:The CT scans of all patients undergoing LP shunting over a 17 year period were reviewed. The “absent cistern sign” and ventricular size were compared against the results of either an isotope shunt study or surgical findings performed within 2 days of the CT.
Results:There were 38 CT scans (27 patients) performed within 2 days of an isotope shunt study and 15 CT scans (14 patients) performed within 2 days of a surgical intervention. These results give the absent cistern sign a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 57% when compared to the shunt isotope findings and a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 50% when compared to the surgical findings. Over 30% of the CT scans showed ventriculomegaly in the presence of a functioning shunt and, conversely, nearly 45% of the CT scans had normal or small lateral ventricles in the presence of a malfunctioning shunt.
Conclusions:The “absent cistern sign” appears to reliably rule out a completely blocked shunt, but is less reliable in detecting a normal or partially obstructed shunt. Ventricular size correlates poorly with LP shunt function.
Acute and Chronic Cerebral White Matter Damage in Neonatal Hydrocephalus
- Marc R. Del Bigio, Marcia C. da Silva, James M. Drake, Ursula I. Tuor
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 21 / Issue 4 / November 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2015, pp. 299-305
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The neonatal cat model of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus is associated with progressive and severe ventriculomegaly. In this experiment we studied the evolution of the histopathological changes in hydrocephalic (n = 23) cats from 5–168 days after the induction of hydrocephalus along with age-matched controls (n = 10). In the periventricular white matter, extracellular edema and axonal damage were present within days of the onset of hydrocephalus. This was followed by reactive gliosis, white matter atrophy, and in some animals gross cavitation of the white matter. Even in the chronic, apparently compensated state there was ongoing glial cell death. Six cats were shunted an average of 23.6 ± 6.5 days after the induction of hydrocephalus because they were no longer able to feed independently. In spite of clinical improvement the white matter changes persisted. Overt cortical changes were minimal except where areas of white matter destruction encroached upon the deep layers. The white matter changes are very similar to those seen in periventricular leukomalacia and suggest that ischemia plays a role in neonatal brain injury caused by hydrocephalus.
THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE HYDROCEPHALUS. VOLUMES I AND II. 1987. First Edition. By Concezio Di Rocco. Published by CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida. Volume I - 151 pages; Volume II - 174 pages. $242 Cdn. approx.
- James M. Drake
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 18 / Issue 2 / May 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2015, p. 272
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Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain in Children: A Forty Year Experience
- Douglas Kondziolka, Robin P. Humphreys, Harold J. Hoffman, E. Bruce Hendrick, James M. Drake
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 19 / Issue 1 / February 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2015, pp. 40-45
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Despite the great capacity for the pediatric brain to recover from stroke, the morbidity and mortality in children who harbor an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) remains high. This study examines the clinical data and management experience with 132 patients with brain AVM from 1949 to 1989. Although the high tendency for a childhood AVM to present with hemorrhage (79%) remained constant for the forty year study period, the associated morbidity and mortality of hemorrhage changed. The mortality rate from hemorrhage for the entire series was 25%, which was reduced from 39% to 16% after the introduction of computed tomography. The mortality from AVM hemorrhage since 1975 was dependent on location; 8 of 14 patients (57%) with a cerebellar AVM died from hemorrhage while only 2 of 44 patients (4.5%) with a cerebral hemisphere AVM died (p < 0.0001). Sixteen children (12%) presented with a chronic seizure disorder. Surgical excision of the malformation resulted in complete seizure control off anti-convulsant medication in 73% of patients. Although 21% of patients were treated non-operatively (many with terminal poor-grade hemorrhage), 79% had a surgical procedure with total AVM excision achieved in 70 patients (53.1%). Complete AVM resection was followed by a normal neurological outcome in 47 children (67%). Most partial excisions (n=9) and clipping of feeding arteries (n=7) were performed in the early years of this study, and did not provide protection from rehe-morrhage. Although conservative management has been advocated for selected non-hemorrhagic AVMs, we conclude that essentially all children with an AVM should be treated in order to eliminate the risk of hemorrhage. Long-term conservative management in pediatric patients is warranted only in patients with large AVMs not amenable to treatment using current multimodality techniques.
Delayed Myelopathy After Trivial Neck Injury in a Patient With a Cervical Neurenteric Cyst
- Rajiv Midha, Bruce Gray, Laurence Becker, James Drake
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 22 / Issue 2 / May 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2015, pp. 168-171
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Background:
Neurenteric cysts are rare spinal lesions of congenital origin. They usually present insidiously with a long history of local spinal pain, radiculopathy and myelopathy. We report a 14-year-old male with a high cervical neurenteric cyst who developed a progressive myelopathy after minor neck trauma. Full recovery followed a partial cyst excision and decompressive procedure.
Significance and conclusion:The possible pathogenic mechanisms for this unusual presentation include hemorrhage into the cyst, sudden mechanical compression from abnormal spinal movement of a chronically distorted and compressed spinal cord, or an increase in the size of the cyst secondary to accumulation of cyst fluid. In this case a small increase in the cyst size may have resulted in increased mechanical distortion and spinal cord dysfunction on a compressive and ischemic basis.
MR Characteristics of Malignant Spinal Cord Astrocytomas in Children
- Abhaya V. Kulkarni, Derek C. Armstrong, James M. Drake
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- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 26 / Issue 4 / November 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 December 2014, pp. 290-293
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Objective:
Malignant spinal cord astrocytomas are rare tumors and their specific MR characteristics have not been previously described. We present a detailed MR analysis of four children with malignant astrocytoma.
Methods:A review of the clinical database at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto revealed four patients with histologically-verified malignant spinal cord astrocytomas (WHO Grade 3 or 4) with pre-operative MR available for retrospective review.
Results:There were three boys and one girl with a mean age at presentation of four years (range 7 months - 12 years). Mean duration of symptoms prior to presentation was six weeks (range 3 days - 5 months). Pre-operative MR analysis revealed that all tumors were located in the cervical or cervico-thoracic regions and expanded the cord over an average of 6.5 vertebral levels. The signal was usually hypointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense or mixed intensity on T2-weighted images. In the three cases where gadolinium was given, all demonstrated enhancement (one rim enhancement with a discrete border and two with inhomogeneous central enhancement). One tumor appeared to be exophytic, one had a significant cystic component, and none showed evidence of hemorrhage. Pre-operative leptomeningeal spread of tumor was documented in two of four cases and involved intracranial spread in both cases.
Conclusion:There did not appear to be any specific MR characteristics to help differentiate a malignant astrocytoma from a low-grade tumor, except for the high rate of leptomeningeal spread at presentation. It is recommended that full neuraxis MR imaging be performed pre-operatively in children in whom a rapidly progressive clinical course suggests a malignant lesion. This will likely have a high positive yield and provide valuable information prior to surgical intervention.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Transits and secondary eclipses of HD 189733 with Spitzer
- Eric Agol, Nicolas B. Cowan, James Bushong, Heather Knutson, David Charbonneau, Drake Deming, Jason H. Steffen
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 4 / Issue S253 / May 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 May 2008, pp. 209-215
- Print publication:
- May 2008
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We present limits on transit timing variations and secondary eclipse depth variations at 8 microns with the Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC camera. Due to the weak limb darkening in the infrared and uninterrupted observing, Spitzer provides the highest accuracy transit times for this bright system, in principle providing sensitivity to secondary planets of Mars mass in resonant orbits. Finally, the transit data provides tighter constraints on the wavelength-dependent atmospheric absorption by the planet.
Test characteristics of neuroimaging in the emergency department evaluation of children for cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction
- Ahmed Mater, Manohar Shroff, Sami Al-Farsi, James Drake, Ran D. Goldman
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 10 / Issue 2 / March 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 May 2015, pp. 131-135
- Print publication:
- March 2008
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Objective:
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt malfunction is one of the most common life-threatening neurosurgical conditions. In the emergency department (ED), imaging techniques to identify shunt malfunction include the shunt series (SS) and CT scanning of the head. We sought to determine the test characteristics of the SS and CT scan for identifying children with shunt malfunction.
Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with a CSF shunt who presented to our tertiary care pediatric emergency department and received an SS during a 2-year period from Jan. 1, 2001, to Dec. 31, 2002. A pediatric neuroradiologist reviewed all SS and CT scans. We defined shunt malfunction as present if the child underwent operative shunt revision.
Results:We identified 437 ED visits by 280 children. Forty-seven SS were read as abnormal. A CT scan was performed in 386 (88.3%) cases and 80 were abnormal. Shunt malfunction was identified in 131 (30.0%) children. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of the SS for identifying cases of shunt malfunction were 30.0%, 95.8%, 72.3%, 75.1%, 7.1 and 0.7, respectively; for the CT scan, they were 61.0%, 82.7%, 64.5%, 80.5%, 3.5 and 0.5, respectively.
Conclusion:Neuroimaging has a low sensitivity for identifying shunt malfunction. Neurosurgical consultation should be sought if shunt malfunction is clinically suspected, despite normal imaging.
Prospective, declarative, and nondeclarative memory in young adults with spina bifida
- MAUREEN DENNIS, DERRYN JEWELL, JAMES DRAKE, TALAR MISAKYAN, BRENDA SPIEGLER, ROSS HETHERINGTON, FRED GENTILI, MARCIA BARNES
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 13 / Issue 2 / March 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 February 2007, pp. 312-323
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The consequences of congenital brain disorders for adult cognitive function are poorly understood. We studied different forms of memory in 29 young adults with spina bifida meningomyelocele (SBM), a common and severely disabling neural tube defect. Nondeclarative and semantic memory functions were intact. Working memory was intact with low maintenance and manipulation requirements, but impaired on tasks demanding high information maintenance or manipulation load. Prospective memory for intentions to be executed in the future was impaired. Immediate and delayed episodic memory were poor. Memory deficits were exacerbated by an increased number of lifetime shunt revisions, a marker for unstable hydrocephalus. Memory status was positively correlated with functional independence, an important component of quality of life. (JINS, 2007, 13, 312–323.)
Integrating non-drug treatments in early schizophrenia
- Shôn W. Lewis, Nicolas Tarrier, Richard James Drake
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 187 / Issue S48 / August 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. s65-s71
- Print publication:
- August 2005
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There is a range of psychological interventions for established schizophrenia. These include family interventions, motivational interventions for substance misuse and for non-adherence to medication, cognitive remediation for neurocognitive deficits and cognitive–behavioural therapy for symptoms. Psychological interventions may explicitly target risk factors for poor outcome, such as substance use, or protective factors, such as adherence to medication, or be directed at specific symptoms or deficits. There is emerging evidence for efficacy of psychological treatments during, following and even prior to the first episode. Important areas for further study are how different treatment modalities can interact productively and patient and carer preferences for treatment. Many trials of psychological treatments have design flaws and this tends to overestimate the treatment effect.
Selective dorsal rhizotomy: meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials
- John McLaughlin, Kristie Bjornson, Nancy Temkin, Paul Steinbok, Virginia Wright, Ann Reiner, Theodore Roberts, James Drake, Maureen O'Donnell, Peter Rosenbaum, Jason Barber, Anne Ferrel
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- Journal:
- Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology / Volume 44 / Issue 1 / January 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 January 2002, pp. 17-25
- Print publication:
- January 2002
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This study is a comparative analysis and meta-analysis of three randomized clinical trials. Children with spastic diplegia received either ‘selective’ dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) plus physiotherapy (SDR+PT) or PT without SDR (PT-only). Common outcome measures were used for spasticity (Ashworth scale) and function (Gross Motor Function Measure [GMFM]). Baseline and 9- to 12-month outcome data were pooled (n=90). At baseline, 82 children were under 8 years old and 65 had Gross Motor Function Classification System level II or III disability. Pooled Ashworth data analysis confirmed a reduction of spasticity with SDR+PT (mean change score difference –1.2; Wilcoxon p<0.001). Pooled GMFM data revealed greater functional improvement with SDR+PT (difference in change score +4.0, p=0.008). Multivariate analysis in the SDR+PT group revealed a direct relationship between percentage of dorsal root tissue transected and functional improvement. SDR+PT is efficacious in reducing spasticity in children with spastic diplegia and has a small positive effect on gross motor function.
The Fezzan Project 2000: Preliminary report on the fourth season of work
- David J. Mattingly, Mohammed al-Mashai, Phil Balcombe, Tertia Barnett, Nick Brooks, Franca Cole, John Dore, Nick Drake, David Edwards, John Hawthorne, Richard Helm, Anna Leone, Sue McLaren, Ruth Peiling, James Preston, Tim Reynolds, Andrew Townsend, Andrew I. Wilson, Kevin White
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- Journal:
- Libyan Studies / Volume 31 / 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 March 2015, pp. 103-120
- Print publication:
- 2000
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The fourth season of the Fezzan Project continued the interdisciplinary approaches of previous seasons. Geographical and environmental work focused principally in sampling sediments for scientific dating and with integrating ground observation with remote sensing data. Excavations continued at Old Germa, where the site has now reached Garamantian levels. In a separate development, the tentative identification has been made of an early mosque at the site, in an area adjacent to the G1 excavation trench. Substantial results were gained from work aimed at enhancing the important data recorded by Charles Daniels in his earlier excavations and survey in the Wadi al-Hayat. The enhancement of the Daniels' survey archive was integrated with completion of the wider prospection being undertaken by the new project. This survey included fieldwalking, standing building survey, analysis of the foggara irrigation systems and recording of rock art scenes. Finds work comprised the finalisation of a pottery type series for the Germa area, the study of small finds from the recent survey work, botanical analysis and completion of lithics recording. A programme of radiocarbon dating is now being undertaken to improve the phasing of sites and monuments. The first two volumes of final reports are now in preparation.
8 - On the nature of the assembly trajectory
- Edited by Evan Weiher, University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, Paul Keddy, Southeastern Louisiana University
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- Book:
- Ecological Assembly Rules
- Published online:
- 04 September 2009
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- 17 June 1999, pp 233-250
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Summary
Introduction
Assembly is a basic device of nature where a broad range of entities, spanning many levels of scale, interact across time and space to produce oberserved pattern. Entities such as individuals, phenotypes, populations, guilds, and higher levels of organization like hierarchical structures are all subject to the processes of assembly. Because all biological systems are assembled in a dynamical sense, any generality in the process would prove valuable to our understanding of nature. Arguably, such an understanding is essential to fully appreciate the action of mechanisms as they are played out in evolutionary and ecological time.
Community assembly is ultimately driven by the invasion (e.g., speciation, immigration) and extinction of species played out against a complex background of environmental constraint. While the environment acts as a filter, eliminating some species and promoting others, it also provides spatio-temporal complexities which serve as a resource upon which ecological strategies can be built. Assembly processes and rules which operate within one environment may exhibit entirely different outcomes as a function of even minor environmental variation. Despite such obvious descriptions of the course of nature, the essence of the assembly trajectory remains little more than an elusive metaphor. Here, the character of the assembly trajectory is evaluated and a general framework offered which serves to interface the operation of ecological mechanisms and the mechanics of community assembly within the more general realm of complex systems.
11 - A Meandering Channel at the Base of the Gorda Escarpment
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- By David A. Cacchione, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, David E. Drake, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, James V. Gardner, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California
- Edited by James V. Gardner, United States Geological Survey, California, Michael E. Field, United States Geological Survey, California, David C. Twichell
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- Book:
- Geology of the United States' Seafloor
- Published online:
- 25 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 13 August 1996, pp 181-192
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Summary
Abstract
Mendocino Channel lies at the base of Gorda Escarpment on the southern edge of Gorda deep-sea fan about 40 km off Cape Mendocino, California. The channel marks the seaward extension of the Mattole and Mendocino Submarine Canyons and contains several prominent meanders along its length. Based on water-gun and 3.5-kHz seismic records, the channel-levee geometry and structure are similar to deepsea meandering channels reported elsewhere. Over the approximately 50-km section of the channel studied, channel sinuosity and channel slope are about 1.7 and 4.2 m/km, respectively. The valley slope is likely time-variable because of the tectonically induced movements of the southern Gorda Plate upon which the channel is situated. Changes to the valley slope will lead to changes in the meander development during future episodes of turbidity currents. Five (possibly six) turbidite units that have 14C ages ranging from 960 yBP to 3,595 yBP were recovered in box cores from the channel floor. These ages overlap dates of great earthquakes that are estimated to have occurred along the region north of Cape Mendocino. Paleoseismic events are proposed to be the triggering mechanisms for the turbidity currents that deposited the turbidites in Mendocino Channel.
Introduction
With the increased use of swath surveying of the ocean floor, meandering (senso latto) channels have become common features found on the surface of many deep-sea fans.
Reconnection in Sheared Magnetic Fields in Space and Astrophysics
- James F. Drake
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- Journal:
- Symposium - International Astronomical Union / Volume 107 / 1985
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 August 2017, pp. 61-81
- Print publication:
- 1985
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The current theoretical understanding of the linear and nonlinear evolution of resistive tearing instabilities in sheared magnetic fields is reviewed. The physical mechanisms underlying this instability are emphasized. Some of the problems which are encountered in developing a model of magnetic energy dissipation in coronal loops are discussed and possible solutions are suggested.